Ethiopia. The Church in Gumuz. Commitment to Peace

Benishangul-Gumuz Regional State is located in the western part of the country, in the Metekel area, bordering the Amhara Region to the north and northeast, Oromia and Gambella Regions to the south and southeast, and Sudan to the west. The regional capital Assosa is located about 680 kilometres west of Addis Ababa. The majority of the inhabitants are ethnic Gumuz, a people of Nilotic origin, small in number (about 200,000) but covering a vast territory and today inhabiting both Ethiopia and Sudan.

The Gumuz have remained on the margins of Ethiopian society for many centuries. In recent decades, they have gained their rights and control over their land and political responsibility following the promotion of their elite in the management of power. From an agro-climatic point of view, most of the region is located between 580 and 2730 meters above sea level. It is endowed with enormous natural resources, including forests, agricultural land and water.

The first Catholic mission in the region was opened in 2000 by the Comboni Missionary Sisters in Mandura. The Comboni Missionaries followed them and opened two apostolic communities in Gilgel Beles in 2003 and in Gublak in 2011. Benishangul-Gumuz is an area of first evangelisation and commitment to human promotion and development, carried out especially in the education and health sectors.

In 2019, the region – like several other regions of Ethiopia – was the scene of fighting between the government and the Benishangul People’s Liberation Movement (BPLM) and the Gumuz People’s Democratic Movement (GPDM) which put the life of the population to the test.

The Catholic mission of Gublak was the most affected and suffered the most serious consequences of the conflict. When the fighting broke out, people were forced to flee for safety. As the situation worsened, we missionaries were also forced to leave the area. People in general, but also our Christian communities, experienced insecurity, instability, looting, killings, and several young Catholics joined the insurgents.

After our return in 2022, we focused our work on encouraging people to live in unity and peaceful coexistence. We resumed organising Christian-human formation courses at all levels, encouraging ecclesial leaders and the faithful to deepen their faith, knowledge of the word of God and the identity of the Catholic Church. Being prophetic today in Ethiopia, in fact, requires a serious commitment in the fields of justice, peace and the promotion of human rights.

After more than twenty years of presence, we are aware that the Gospel we have tried to communicate has not reached the depths of the cultural fabric of the Gumuz, and a poor respect for human life and a strong sense of revenge have prevailed during this time.

Last June, The Benishangul-Gumuz regional government formally declared the “successful conclusion” of peace agreements with the remaining elements of the Gumuz People’s Democratic Movement (GPDM) and the Benishangul People’s Liberation Movement (BPLM).

After the peace agreement, the regional government called on Gumuz families to abandon their hiding places and settle in some specially prepared sites. Many families accepted the invitation despite the inconvenience caused by the lack of basic services in the designated locations. However, people do not trust the regional authorities.

There are still fringe-groups of insurgents that are strengthening their presence in some villages around the Mandura district and launching sporadic attacks against government militias. In mid-January, the army responded by launching a special operation that led to the killing of the insurgent leader. A few days later, in retaliation, a public transport vehicle travelling between the cities of Gilgel Beles and Chagni was attacked, causing dozens of victims. A concrete sign that true pacification has not yet been achieved.

In this context, we are convinced that the efforts and resources of the Church must be used to prepare lay workers through serious education and ongoing training in a local Church to be transformed into an authentic “School of education for peace”.

We, therefore, propose to ensure that programmes of education, formation and sacramental initiation find a connection with the great theme of peace whenever possible, emphasising concrete ways for all the faithful, from children to young people to adults, to embody these teachings in their relationships with each other and in the society of which they are a part.

We are aware of how evangelisation is a complex and dynamic reality. We Combonians in Gumuz today are invited to remember the past with gratitude, to live the present with enthusiasm and to look to the future with confidence.

Our work, our commitment, and our journey as “pilgrims of hope” continue in this jubilee year in the search for new ways of evangelisation. 
(Photo: Father Isaias Nyakundi with some Christian Gumuz)
Comboni Missionaries